by Peter A. Belmont / 2013-01-06
© 2013 Peter Belmont
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In this essay, because I have always thought the present New York form of affidavit woefully insufficient to its purpose (i.e., a “crock”), I propose a new form of affidavit, a Super-Affidavit.
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An affidavit is a legal document, intended to have legal consequence, by which a person swears to the truth of a statement. It is a notarized document, which means that a state official, usually called a notary public, plays a role in the making of an affidavit.
What role the notary plays depends on the state in the USA in which he acts (and is licensed or commissioned). Each state’s legal rules are different.
In New York, my state, the notary: [1] administers an oath or affirmation to the person signing the document, by which the signer affirms the truth of the statements made in the document, [2] signs the document as a witness to the signer’s swearing to the truth of the statements contained in the document, and [3] asserts as well that the signer signed the document in the notary’s presence.
A court is expected to accept the affidavit as an assertion—by the apparent signer of the affidavit—of the truth of the statements contained in the affidavit.
Problems with Affidavits
There are two principal problems with affidavits,
There is one long-standing problem with affidavits, hundreds of years old, namely, that the notary is NOT charged with confirming the identity of the person who signs the affidavit. In other words, J.J.Smith can sign an affidavit with the signature L.L.Brown and neither the notary nor anyone else the wiser.
(This may not be the rule in other states. An enlightened state may require the notary to take and also record evidence of the identity of the affiant. See my proposal for super-affidavit, below.)
Because an affidavit, today, in New York and presumably in many other states, can be signed without the signer being asked to supply any proof that he is the person who appears to have signed the affidavit, I regard this present-day form of affidavit as a “crock”.
There are also two new problems about affidavits in our currently evolving legal culture: [1] electronic signing of documents submitted to courts (documents submitted over the internet) makes it desirable that it is possible to make and submit an affidavit-like document without a second person (the notary) being necessary. [2] Most people, and poor people in particular, often find it difficult or overly expensive to find time to go to a notary to complete legal documents of any kind, including affidavits.
The Super-Affidavit
I propose a new form of affidavit for New York and other states, call it a super-affidavit. It requires the notary to perform two functions: administering the oath and witnessing the signature, as before, and also confirming the identity of the affiant.
I leave the question of the non-notarized and internet affidavit to another day.
The super-affidavit would look like this:State of New York )
) ss:
County of __________ )
The undersigned affiant, [typed name of affiant], being first duly sworn as to the truth of the following statements, subject to the penalties for perjury, hereby deposes and says:
List of Statements of Fact
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________
[signature of affiant]
__________________________________
[typed name of affiant]
__________________________________
[address of affiant, line 1]
__________________________________
[address of affiant, line 2]
__________________________________
[address of affiant, line 3]
NOTARY’S STATEMENT: On the [day] day of [month] in the year [20xx] before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds duly commissioned by the State of New York, personally appeared [typed name of affiant], proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individual whose name and address are subscribed to the within instrument and, having sworn to or affirmed the truth of the statements made in the within instrument subject to the penalties for perjury, did sign the within instrument in my presence.
[Notary Seal:]
__________________________________
[signature of Notary]
__________________________________
[typed name of Notary]
NOTARY PUBLIC OR COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS
My commission expires: ________________, 20____.
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